PYGMYHELP

  • First step

    First thing you must do is login into your Linux system. At the login prompt type "root", the system will not ask for a password.
    You will now come to the Linux prompt.
    root@pygmy:~#

    Don't forget set the password!
    # passwd root

    You can change consoles by pressing [Alt]-[F1], [Alt]-[F2] etc... For example,you can edit file in one, download something in another.
    Linux shell - Bash has command recall. You don't type in a command again, just press [Up] or [Down]-arrow-key.

    Now, you can try to start Midnight commander - file manager.
    # mc

  • Some basic commands:

    cat  to type the content of a file
    cp  copy files
    df  to see infos about your disk
    find  find files on the linux system
    free  to see memory usage
    grep  search for keywords on a file or a command
    kill  to kill any process
    less  to read file
    ln  create or remove links between files or directories
    lpr  print files or output to a printer
    ls  list files or directories
    mkdir  to create a new directory
    more  similar to less but less is better than more!
    mount  see the mounted devices or mount additional devices
    umount  unmount mounted volumes
    mv  move or rename a file
    ps  report process status
    top  display top CPU processes
    rm  remove files
    rmdir  remove directories
    adduser  add a user to the linux system
    w  displays the users logged in
    man 'command'  to read manual page
    reboot  shutdown + reboot
    halt  shutdown

  • Software included in PYGMY:

    mutt  mail client
    links  www browser, simmilar to lynx, supports tables, frames, SSL
    wget  WWW grabber
    tin  newsreader, 'rtin' = remote tin
    epic  irc client
    zicq  icq
    pppsetup  configuration of ppp connection, 'ppp-go', 'ppp-off'
    netconfig  script for easy configuration of network (LAN) connection
    mailconfig  script for mail configuration
    kbconfig  for SK/CZ keyboard setting, available in skcz pack only
    cdset  to setup your CD-ROM
    comset  to setup modem and mouse
    ssh  secure shell, daemon and client
    scp  secure copy
    zgv  image viewer
    minicom  modem terminal program
    gpg  GNU privacy guard, works with mutt
    mc  midnight commander, NC clone
    mcedit  editor
    elvis  editor, tiny VI clone
    ssmtp  mail transport
    procmail  mail processing
    metamail  mail filter
    fetchmail  to download messages from mail server
    pmail  mail transfer for dial-up
    smbclient  SAMBA client, useful in Windows network
    cal  calendar
    cdp  CD player
    menu  Pygmy Linux menu (pdmenu)
    telnet, ping, ftp, rlogin, whois, traceroute,finger...   network utils
    exscan  port scanner
    pygmyhelp  display Pygmyhelp
    reset  if your terminal looks like crazy

    and more...

    Various docs are in the directory /usr/doc.

  • Installing Debian,RedHat,Stampede packages:

    Run midnight commander, highlight package, press F2 and select 'convert current'. After conversion, install it as standard slackware package - MC menu [F2]. Pygmy is based on Slackware, so it's recommended to install Slackware packages.

    If you try install new program and you get error message "can't find lib.???", this means, the installed program is linked with library, which is not present on the system.

    # ldd 'program'   to see what libraries require the program to run.

    Example:
    # cd /usr/bin
    # ldd mc

    	libslang.so.1 => /usr/lib/libslang.so.1 (0x40015000)
	libgpm.so.1 => /usr/lib/libgpm.so.1 (0x40075000)
	libncurses.so.5 => /lib/libncurses.so.5 (0x4007b000)
	libext2fs.so.2 => /lib/libext2fs.so.2 (0x400b7000)
	libcom_err.so.2 => /lib/libcom_err.so.2 (0x400c8000)
	libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x400ca000)
	libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x401b4000)
	libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x401b8000)
	/lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
    You can complete the library to the system. Put library to directory /lib and run ldconfig.
  • Loading modules:

    Kernel modules (for ethernet cards etc.) are located in /lib/modules directory. Command for inserting module into the kernel is modprobe 'module_name' or you have uncomment module line in /etc/rc.d/rc.modules and type reboot. The modules are in directory /lib/modules/2.2.16.

  • PCMCIA:

    If you have laptop, download and install pcmcia.tgz (Slackware 7.1 package) - after reboot you will see detecting of PCMCIA devices (modem, network card).

    Example - netcard and modem in PCMCIA slots: 

    Linux PCMCIA Card Services 3.1.16
  kernel build: 2.2.16 #1 Thu Jun 8 16:37:54 PDT 2000
  options:  [pci] [cardbus] [pnp]
PnP: PNP BIOS installation structure at 0xc00ff000
PnP: PNP BIOS version 1.0, entry at e3000:1255, dseg at e3000
Intel PCIC probe: 
  Cirrus PD6729 rev 00 PCI-to-PCMCIA at slot 00:17, port 0x3000
    host opts [0]: [ring] [1/5/0] [1/20/0]
    host opts [1]: [ring] [1/5/0] [1/20/0]
    ISA irqs (default) = 5,9,10,11 polling interval = 1000 ms
cs: IO port probe 0x0c00-0x0cff: excluding 0xc00-0xc07 0xcb8-0xcbf
cs: IO port probe 0x0800-0x08ff: excluding 0x8b8-0x8bf
cs: IO port probe 0x0100-0x04ff: excluding 0x220-0x227 0x340-0x347 0x388-0x38f 0x3b0-0x3df 0x408-0x40f 0x480-0x48f 0x4b8-0x4bf
cs: IO port probe 0x0a00-0x0aff: excluding 0xa78-0xa7f 0xaf8-0xaff
cs: memory probe 0x0d0000-0x0dffff: clean.
eth0: 3Com 3c589, io 0x300, irq 5, hw_addr 00:A0:24:AF:46:E0
  8K FIFO split 5:3 Rx:Tx, auto xcvr
VFS: Disk change detected on device ide1(22,0)
tty02 at 0x03e8 (irq = 9) is a 16550A
  • Mail

    Run fetchmail to get mail and mutt to read, reply and send mail.
    If you have permanent connection, after leaving the editor chose y and a message will be sent. If you have dial-up connection, after leaving the editor chose q and y to postpone. When you will be connected, do pmail -o and postponed messages will be sent.

  • Swap file

    When Pygmy starts first time, the 4 MB swap file is created. If you want to create a larger one, first you have turn off and remove existing one.
    # swapoff /swap
    # rm /swap

    Creating 8MB swap file:
    # dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1M count=8
    # mkswap /swap
    # swapon /swap

    You have remove file /etc/rc.d/rc.swap, it disable automatic creation of 4MB swap file and you have add information about new swap to file /etc/fstab.

    /swap none swap sw 0 0

    Check memory and you will see if the swap is active:
    # free

    Example - 10MB swap file:

                 total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         22344      20908       1436      17172       1584      10788
-/+ buffers/cache:       8536      13808
Swap:        10072        384       9688
  • PPP

    PPP configuration is needed for dial-up (modem) conection to your provider. First use script pppsetup.

    # ppp-go  dial provider and start ppp connection
    # ppp-off  stop ppp connection
    # ppp-go -d  put pppd in demand dialing mode
    # ifconfig   you can see something like this, if you are connected: 

    ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol  
          inet addr:195.80.171.216  P-t-P:195.80.171.132  Mask:255.255.255.255
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:10 errors:2 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:2
          TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:10
  • Ethernet

    First you need to know the type of your eth card. Next, you have load correct netcard module to the kernel.

    Example:
    # modprobe smc-ultra

    For automatic module loading, uncomment line with required module in /etc/rc.d/rc.modules.
    Next, run netconfig.

    # ifconfig  you can see something like this, if you have it correct configured: 

    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:A0:24:AF:46:E0  
          inet addr:192.168.1.9  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 
          Interrupt:5 Base address:0x300
  • CD ROM

    Run cdset, the script will create symbolic link to your CD ROM device. If you want to work with CD, you have mount CD ROM first.
    # mount /mnt/cdrom

    If you want remove disc, you have umount cdrom device.
    # umount /mnt/cdrom
    # eject

  • Floppy

    # mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy

    Don't remove floppy, if you didn't umount it.
    # umount /mnt/floppy

    Formatting floppy:
    # fdformat -n /dev/fd0

    Putting filesystem on it:
    # mkdosfs -v /dev/fd0  DOS fs
    # mkdosfs -v -F32 /dev/fd0  FAT32 (Win) fs

  • Mouse

    Run comset, it will create link to your mouse type. Next, you have edit file /etc/rc.d/rc.gpm. Change option -t. Default value in Pygmy is ps2 (ps2 mouse). You can see all allowed options if you type gpm -t help. After next reboot, the mouse should be working. You can also kill gpm and run it with new configuration.

    # gpm -k
    # gpm -m /dev/mouse -t msc

  • X Free installation

    If you don't have at least 32mb RAM, forget it!

    You have download Slackaware packages:
    xbin.tgz
    xlib.tgz
    xfnts.tgz
    xpm.tgz
    xcfg.tgz

    You need also one X server, that supports your graphic card.

    x3dl.tgz - 3Dlabs chipsets
    x8514.tgz - IBM 8514/A
    xagx.tgz - IIT AGX
    xi128.tgz - Number Nine Imagine 128
    xma32.tgz - Mach 32
    xma64.tgz - Mach 64
    xma8.tgz - Mach 8
    xmono.tgz - monochromatic server
    xp9k.tgz - P9000
    xs3.tgz - all S3 chipsets
    xsvga.tgz - generic SVGA server
    xvg16.tgz - 16 colors VGA server
    xw32.tgz - ET4000/W32,ET6000

    If you don't know which one to download, try SVGA server.

    All packages you have install through Midnight commander menu.
    After all the packages are installed, run xf86config and answer all questions properly.
    Run startx.
    More docs about X: http://www.xfree86.org/

    Fast and small window managers:
    Blackbox
    Icewm

    Netscape package

  • Development tools installation

    You have download and install following Slackware packages:

    binutils
    bison
    egcs
    flex
    gmake
    libc
    linuxinc

  • Moving Pygmy onto linux native (ext2fs) partition

  • Run cfdisk and create new ext2 partition.

  • Format that partition with command mke2fs.
    Example:
    # mke2fs /dev/hda5

  • Mount the new partition on /mnt/linux.
    Example:
    # mount /dev/hda5 /mnt/linux

  • Make a directories on the new partition:
    # mkdir /mnt/linux/mnt
    # mkdir /mnt/linux/proc

  • Set your 'umask' to 000, to correctly preserve all file permissions:
    # umask 000

  • Copy some top-level directories to Linux partition:
    # cp -a /bin /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /dev /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /etc /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /home /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /lib /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /root /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /sbin /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /tmp /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /usr /mnt/linux
    # cp -a /var /mnt/linux

  • Edit the /mnt/linux/etc/fstab. Change the device for mount point ' / ' to the Linux partition's device.
    Example: /dev/hda5 / ext2 defaults 0 2

  • Reboot to DOS (or Win9x - DOS mode).

  • Edit your linux.bat. Change partition to new one and rw mode to ro = read-only (needed for filesystem checking).
    Example: loadlin bzimage root=/dev/hda5 ro

  • Move loadlin and kernel from directory Linux, to the top directory.
    move c:\linux\loadlin.exe c:\
    move c:\linux\bzimage c:\

    That's all.
    If the operation was successfull, and Pygmy is running on the linux native (ext2fs) partition, you can delete the directory Linux.

  • Useful links

    Pygmy Linux 0.9 is mostly based on Slackware 7.1.
    Packages directory
    Kernels
    Modules

    Various Slackware packages can be found at Linuxmafia.

    Pygmyhelp   © Peter Psota.   July 2001